Carnivals of the Animals Essay Example for Free

Carnivals of the Animals Essay 1. The reason why the work was written: Camille Saint-Saens wrote the ‘Carnival of the Animals’ while he was on holiday as a light hearted musical joke. It was originally planned for the students of Sain-Saens at the music school where he taught piano, Ecole Niedermeyer but he had little time to compose. The work was subtitled â€Å"Grand Zoological Fantasy† and it became Saint-Saens intent to perform it as a surprise at the annual Mardi Gras concert of cellist Charles Lebouc in Paris in February 1886. 2. Saint Saens’ opinion of the work: The first performance of ‘Carnival of the animals’ was on March the 9th, 1886, peformed by pianists, Saint-Saens and Diemer. Composer and pianist. The work was requested by Franz Liszt to be played again. After the second performance, Saint-Saens refused to allow any more public performances of ‘Carnival of the Animals’ as he highly feared that it would ruin his reputation as a serious composer. His work then remained unpublished except ‘The swan’, publicized in 1887. His will read: â€Å"I expressively forbid the publication of any unpublished work, with the expectation of ‘The carnival of the animals’, which may be issued by my usual publishers, the gentlemen Durand and Cie†. After his death in 1921 the full score was published in 1922. Saint Saens composed the work as a musical joke, he thought that if it was published it would ruin his reputation as a serious composer so he did not have it published until after his death (apart from the publication of ‘The Swan’). 3. Romantic Influences that can be identified in the Carnival of the Animals: Saint-Saens used several different concepts to create a romantic aura about the music. ‘Carnival of the animals’ has a distinct song-like melodic line, this has been achieved by combining the fluctuating dynamics and the chromatic chords. Also, Saint-Saens designed his work using robato so the player must feel the music and storyline himself. Saint-Saens created his work for the piano and orchestra just after it was invented. The piano was another romantic influence because it had just recently been invented and it was a very sought after and expensive instrument. 4.My ideas and opinions as to why the work remains a popular significant work: I believe that the work remains this way because the way it was written made it very unique and it also told a story; these things are factors in why it has remained a popular piece for so many years. ‘Carnival of the animals’ shows how to feelings and emotions of something/someone via. music. Another reason was that Saint-Saens was a very famous and talented artist â€Å"a virtuoso pianist of the highest order† so most of the work he did was popular, the fact that it has remained popular for so long is because the work was very different from any other and Saint-Saens correlated humour into it.

The Bull Moose :: Moose

The Bull Moose "The Bull Moose" is a poem by one of the great Canadian poets, Alden Nowlan. It is a finely crafted poem by a very talented poet. It reminds us how far away from Nature the lives of ordinary men and women have strayed. This is something common to all of us who live so much our lives in buildings and who so rarely experience Nature in its raw form. Nowlan creates powerful layers of images, and contrasts them in a way to make us feel just how damaging to our minds and souls this separation from Nature has been. His poem is Romantic in the way it tries to remind us of how far we have fallen and how hollow our idea of progress is. Indeed, Nowlan suggests that we may be more of a beast than the moose. The moose presents a picture of strength to the reader. I think he is searching for a place to die, but it can be seen that he still seems very powerful in the way he comes "lurching" and "stumbling" in such a powerful way, until he reaches the edge of his world, and the beginning of our world, at the "pole-fenced pasture." A crowd composed of men, women, and children seems to have materialized out of thin air. These are the representatives of civilized life, and they are uniformly marked by insensitivity and ignorance in the way in which they treat the moose. The people can't seem to understand that the moose is not the same kind of animal as their domesticated cattle, or their pet collie, or the gelded moose they remember having seen. They suffer from a severe kind of blindness which cannot recognize the deeper significance of this moose which has come to them from "the purple mist of the trees" as if he were some kind of mystical being full of ancient truths. The scene quickly dev elops into a pageant of obscenity as some of the men "pry open his jaws with bottles" and then "pour beer down his throat." The moose's crown of thistles is a symbol which serves to remind us of the unjustified suffering of Christ. In this way it makes us see our fellow humans in a revolting light as they proceed toward the humiliation and execution of one of the "lords of life."

The relationship of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia with its neighbouring countries and with the United States

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has cordial relations with most of its neighbouring countries, especially those that are part of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC). It has made significant efforts to settle disputes regarding borders and helped considerably in improving the relations with Yemen and United Arab Emirates. Although relations with Iraq were tense after the Kuwait invasion, they got better in 2003 when the regime was overthrown. In 2008, Prince Saud al Faisal aimed to appoint an ambassador in Iraq and initiated a diplomatic mission in Baghdad. It has been a mediator in regional crises and has supported the Palestianian-Israel negotiations. Saudia Arabia’s role in the Gulf War has helped it in developing new allies in 1991 and improving its existing relations. King Abdullah has played a big role in providing monetary assistance and resolved regional crises in Sudan, Lebanon and Somalia. Although the relations between Saudi Arabia and Algeria, Libya and Tunisia were strained after the Kuwait invasion, now they have returned back to normal. Relations were Jordan are also very good. United States knowing that Saudi Arabia has the largest oil reserves and a strategic location has always tried to stregthen ties with this nation. In 1944, the United States embassy opened in Jeddah but diplomatic relations established a long way before that in 1933. The embassy in Jeddah later became the Consulate General for United States. The two countries share common economic interests, concerns over sustainable development, terrorism and security. Having good relationships with these countries is important because United States is highly dependent on the oil exports of Saudi Arabia. Whereas, US is the largest trading partner for Saudia Arabia. Exports from United States also find their way into Saudi Arabia as it is the largest market for US exports in the Middle East region. The US also provides training and support in terms of weapons and security services to the Saudi forces. Saudi Arabia has also bought military weaponary and other equipment from the United States. The prosperity of both countries lies in building and maintaining good relationships with each other.

Wealth of Nations - 1626 Words

Michelle Trejo Dr. King Human Nature and the Social Order II June 6, 2008 â€Å"The Wealth of Nations† Adam Smith, the author of â€Å"The Wealth of Nations†, was a Scottish moral philosopher during the Industrial Revolution who was inspired by his surroundings to write about the field of economics. Being a man of intellect on various types of philosophical views, Smith was able to portray his passionate feelings about political thought through his well-written works. While publishing his book, Smith became known as the â€Å"father of modern economics†. He was given this honorary title due to his strong determination of trying to understand how human nature impacts the social order. Smith was able to use several types of rhetoric styles, such as†¦show more content†¦The â€Å"Impartial Spectator† was an imagined being that helps define our own conscience, which would aid the conduct of our nature on particular thoughts and motifs. After analyzing these various concepts, Smith was able to acknowledge the importance of allowing individuals to follow their natural propensity in order to create a national economic growth for the well being of a nation. Based on this notion about natural propensity, Smith is able to examine why the unexamined life is not worth living due to the advocates of division of labor. He is able to use these advocates as one of his prime examples to explain how they sought to maximize their profits or wages by employing themselves and their capital. Smith states When an animal wants to obtain something either of a man or of another animal, it has no other means of persuasion but to gain the favour of those whose service it requires†¦ Man sometimes uses the same arts with his brethren, and when he has no other means of engaging them to act according to his inclinations, endeavors by every servile and fawning attention to obtain their good will... However, to do this upon every occasion†¦ at all times in need of the cooperation and assistance of great multitude, while his whole life is scarce sufficient to gain the friendship of a few persons (169). Smith tries to explain that a man’s most valuable way to increase his power in order is to create superiority based on theShow MoreRelated The Wealth of Nations Essay955 Words   |  4 PagesThe Wealth of Nations Adam Smith’s famous attempt to explain the nature and causes of the wealth of nations rests on several crucial assumptions about human nature which in turn rely on false universalism and questionable dichotomies. To begin with, Smith makes roughly three claims about human nature. Primarily, Smith assumes that self-interest is inherent in all human beings. As opposed to animals which rely on benevolence, in opposition to natural pity (Rousseau p. 53), the human â€Å"will beRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Wealth Of Nations Essay1234 Words   |  5 Pagesmanagement as a whole. Management has evolved over the years and will continue to as people and procedures do as well. March 9, 1776 marked the date that Adam Smith wrote his widely known book â€Å"The Wealth of Nations†. The book s original name is â€Å"An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, however it is not recognized by the majority public as so. Smith originally wrote the novel to dismember the thought that mercantilism was a good idea. Only selling goods and gaining nothing fromRead MoreThe Wealth of Nations: A Revolutionary Work on Economics1357 Words   |  6 PagesAdam Smith’s The Wealth of Nations is one of history’s most revolutionary works on economics, with basic principals that remain applicable to today’s business world. Smith wrote it in an effort to transform the way Europeans created and sold products and to promote the concept of a free market. The book was a catalyst for change, quickly spreading throughout the world new and revolutionary ways to improve the financial systems of Europe by making them more productive. It promoted the conceptRead MoreAn Investigation Into The Nature And Causes Of The Wealth Of Nations1380 Words   |  6 PagesSOCB42- Classical Sociological Theory Professor Daniel Silver TUT0001 TA Katie Stuart Joyce (Fong) Liu 1001717458 Throughout the book An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, Adam Smith uses the term â€Å"commercial society† rather than more accustomed words like â€Å"capitalism.† Smith explains what he means by this term, is when the division of labour has been once thoroughly established, it is but a small part of a man’s want which the produce of his own labour can supply. HeRead MoreSummary Of The Wealth Of Nations By Adam Smith805 Words   |  4 Pagesexamines the different methods that can increase the production of land and labour. He discusses that production can be raised by using the methods of, division of labour and capital accumulation. Smith also provides evidence throughout The Wealth of Nations, proving that his method of labour division is the best way to develop the economy. The key behind Smith’s writing is to prove how division of labour will improve economic progress. Initially, Smith proposes the idea of division of labour inRead More The Wealth of Nations Essay1349 Words   |  6 Pagesof continental Europe. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;While tutoring from 1763 Adam Smith found some of the time spent in the French provinces hard to fill and seems to have begun his masterpiece An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, as a way of taking up otherwise idle hours in the summer of 1764. Overall however he derived much personal philosophical benefit from these months of journeying on the continent. In Paris he met amongst others, the quot;Physiocratquot; economicRead MoreWealth of Nations Summary2605 Words   |  11 PagesAN INQUIRY INTO THE NATURE AND CAUSES OF THE WEALTH OF NATIONS by Adam Smith (Chapters I-VIII Summary) Submitted to: Sir Lemuel P. Del Rosario Submitted by: Rian Karlo Z. Punzalan Section:2B-G2 CHAPTER I THE DIVISION OF LABOUR. When a work is broken down into much smaller work and distributed into individuals that specialize in that work, we can achieve maximum productivity. For example the work of making a computer program can be divided up into these assignments. 1. The main programmerRead MoreWealth Of Nations By Adam Smith1574 Words   |  7 PagesIn his book, Wealth of Nations, Adam Smith makes arguments to support free-trade. These arguments range from having to do with war, all the way to the structure of social classes. In order to assess the morality of these arguments, David Hume’s definition of morality and Kant’s definition of morality can be used. These definitions, ultimately, serve as context for Smith’s arguments, so that there is a clearer idea of whether they are moral or not. From this, modern readers of Smith’s book can betterRead MoreThe Importance Of Wealth And A Consumerist Nation1356 Words   |  6 PagesDerek Crosby Online British Literature 6 August 2015 Social Classholes: The Importance of Wealth Historically and in a Consumerist Nation One of the most important aspects of any novel is the theme. Furthermore, themes that express practicalities that people in the real world deal with regularly are that much more effecting. That’s why novels like Pride and Prejudice and Jane Eyre are timeless; their themes are extremely important and will forever ring true in society. Most prevalentlyRead MoreThe Wealth Of Nations By Adam Smith1384 Words   |  6 Pagesworld. Some books, such as the Bible, have influenced Christians. Common Sense by Thomas Paine encouraged Americans to join the fight against the British. Other books, however, do more than simply encourage; they introduce a new philosophy. The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith is claimed to aid the philosophy of what would one day become modern economics. One author wrote two books that would change the course of history. These books would lay foundations to communism and influence leaders like Lenin

Definition and Examples of Accismus in Rhetoric

Accismus is a  rhetorical term for coyness: a form of irony in which a person feigns a lack of interest in something that he or she actually desires. Bryan Garner notes that political candidates sometimes engage in something like this tactic by declaring that they would really rather be doing something else than being engaged in public life (Garners Modern English Usage, 2016). EtymologyFrom the Greek, coyness Examples and Observations Jay Heinrichs: We spout figures all the time without knowing it. For instance:YOU: Oh, you shouldnt have.If you really mean it, that if they give you one more ugly, ill-fitting sweater youll have to kill them, they you have not used a figure. But if the gift is a new iPad and you can barely keep from running off and playing with it, then your oh-you-shouldnt have constitutes a figure called coyness. Cheapskates who let others pick up the tab tend to use the coyness figure. Maya Angelou: He raised his voice, Bar, give us another one like that other one, then dropped his voice. Tell me, why are you all alone? Have the men gone blind?Although I knew it was an expected move in the courting game, flirting made me uncomfortable. Each coy remark made me feel like a liar. I wiggled on the stool and giggled and said, Oh, stop.Thomas was smooth. He led, I followed; at the proper time he withdrew and I pulled forward; by the end of our introductory ceremony, I had given him my address and accepted an invitation to dinner. Casca, Julius Caesar: ... I saw Mark Antony offer him [Julius Caesar] a crown--yet twas not a crown neither, twas one of these coronets--and as I told you, he put it by once; but, for all that, to my thinking, he would fain have had it. Then he offered it to him again; then he put it by again; but, to my thinking, he was very loath to lay his fingers off it. And then he offered it the third time; he put it the third time by; and still as he refused it, the rabblement hooted and clapped their chapped hands and threw up their sweaty night-caps. Mark Ribowsky: In the weeks following the Holmes-Cobb [boxing] debacle, rumors persisted that [sportscaster Howard Cosell] would change his mind, under pressure from ABC. But, in contrast to previous years, there was no real pressure. To the contrary, ABC was quite happy to leave him be. Had Cosell chosen to return, the executives would have had to accommodate him, something no one was eager to do now. This being the situation, Roone Arledge [president of ABC Sports] could afford to humor him. Ringing up Cosell one day, he said coyly, I understand youre not doing any more professional fights.When Cosell assented, Arledge, even more coyly, asked, Youve read your contract recently?Yes, Cosell said, and I know Im in breach of contract, Roone, and I understand that you have every right to dismiss me from the company.Arledge, biting his lip, assured him, Are you crazy? I think youve done the right thing. Congratulations!Arledge had reason to be complimentary. For him, and all of ABC Sport s, the right thing was Cosell so purposefully lifting from them the burden of having to dismiss him. Mark Forsyth: Appointing a bishop is a tricky business. To be a bishop you have to possess the Christian virtue of humility; however, if you actually are humble youll probably think youre not worthy of being a bishop and turn the job down. Even if you secretly think that youd make a splendid bishop and would look marvellous in a mitre, you cant just come out and say it. It would look bad. So you had to practise a little bit of accismus by announcing in front of the assembled company of churchmen that youd really rather not become a bishop, or, in Latin, Nolo episcopari.When you had solemnly announced this, rather than saying Oh well, thats that, I suppose, the church council would ask you a second time, and for a second time you would humbly reply Nolo episcopari. On the third go, you would say, Oh all right then, go on, or Volo episcopari or some such line of assent. You would thus have displayed your humility and got the job.However, it is dreadfully important to keep count, as if you said Nolo episcopari a third time it would be assumed that you really meant it and your chances of promotion would be forever scuppered. Its rather like the Rule of the Bellman described by Lewis Carroll in The Hunting of the Snark: What I tell you three times is true. Jean Paul: The purer the golden vessel, the more readily is it bent: the higher worth of women is sooner lost than that of men. . . .Nature herself has surrounded these delicate souls with an ever-present, in-born guard, with modesty, both in speaking and hearing. A woman requires no figure of eloquence--herself excepted--so often as that of accismus.** So rhetoricians term the figure by which one speaks, without all longing, of the very objects for which one feels the strongest. Pronunciation: ak-SIZ-mus

The Human Condition Through Innovation - 1683 Words

Throughout the last half-century individuals from the medical field have built up an innovation that performs an accomplishment that is proclaimed by numerous as inexplicable: an implant which makes sound inside the ears of the hard of hearing. Cochlear implant innovation utilizes electrical driving forces to send the vibe of sound waves to the brain by living up to expectations around the harmed cochlea, making an apparent evidence of sound to a hard of hearing or deaf individual (NAD). In the event that you asked a â€Å"normal listening† individual that they thought about the innovation of the CI, they would celebrate that there is at long last a cure for the awfulness of deafness and would expect that the Deaf group would be energized and excited for a cure to deafness. The reaction to CIs from the Deaf group has not been positive, but instead frowned upon. The center of the development is on the progression of the human condition through innovation. It is important to con sider both the potential advantages and pitfalls of rising innovations, including any moral predicaments that may emerge on their cusp. It very important to understand all that goes a long with that deaf community and the way they work together. In the 1980 s and 90 s individuals from the Deaf group held meetings against the utilization of cochlear inserts, particularly in youthful kids (Sparrow). In a society outfitted only towards listening to persons, individuals from the Deaf group are seen byShow MoreRelatedA Standard Operating Procedure ( Sop )999 Words   |  4 PagesOffice of Strategic Planning (OSP) Innovation Process. 2.0 SCOPE This SOP applies to all initiatives piloted through the OSP Innovation Process, which have received formal approval through the VBA Transformation Governance Board (GB). 3.0 POLICY It is the policy mission of the OSP to promote and facilitate initiatives, which will lead to strategic and operational improvements throughout VBA business lines. These initiatives must receive prior approval through the GB and be conducted in a fiscallyRead MoreCommerce in the Post-Renaissance World1005 Words   |  5 Pagesincreasingly more important. In the seventeenth century, the idea of Technological Project (control of nature for human benefit) was introduced by Bacon and Descartes. This was very important because at the time, many people thought in terms of conformity to nature, not in terms of transforming nature for human benefit. Thinking in terms of conformity constrains individual freedom as far as innovation, which is the opposite of what TP is trying to accomplish. Inner-directed individuals are required forRead MoreThe Current Era Of Media1494 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction In the current era of media is a step, a step towards innovation is very indispensable. It marks an innovation in bringing human society to a new level, a civilized society, development. That is a strong mark optimal development in all fields. This year is the 50th anniversary of Marshall McLuhan published learn about media. A statement made by him that made many people to think that The medium is the message. McLuhan clearly support the notion that media increases the desire and newRead MoreCase Study : South Korean Home Brand Ice Cream Market978 Words   |  4 PagesSouth Korean is facing a mature market condition with limited growth potential due to its aging population. The country has the lowest birth rates in the world. Therefore, the industries that target on young population such as: ice cream, baby food and milk products†¦ are losing their market (Nieburg 2013). To make the market grow, the manufacturers have to revive the market through innovations through creating ad ditional demand for value-add-on products. This will create a win-win situation for bothRead MoreHow Recent Economic Trends Influence Business Essay1588 Words   |  7 Pagesbusinesses to make profits their must exist demand for their products but the recession affected the demand for products thus business had to change their business processes. One trend exhibited by businesses to recent economic condition is price wars. The prevailing economic conditions have led to consumers spending and demanding fewer products which in turn results in reduced sales for businesses (Li, 2008). Businesses are involved in price wars in an attempt to attract customers and maintain their salesRead MoreAnalysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein1540 Words   |  7 PagesFrankenstein and two articles by John Nosta from Forbes and Nick Collins from the Telegraph in regards to the advantages and disadvantages of technology in society. Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein shows the conflict between those adv antages and disadvantages through its plot and characters. The articles, however, gives two somewhat opposite perspectives on the advantages and disadvantages of technology. They explore whether technology is humankind’s monster. Nosta regards technology in a positive light, whileRead MoreManagement in the 1900s were developed from two types of style theories. Douglas McGregor600 Words   |  3 PagesManagement in the 1900s were developed from two types of style theories. Douglas McGregor (1906–1964) had become frustrated with the early simplistic human relations notions while president of Antioch College in Ohio (Draft, 2013, p.47). McGregor formulated Theory X and Theory Y(Draft, 2013, p.47). Theory X tends to be â€Å"old-style† management, and Theory Y â€Å"new-style,† because the styles are based on different assumptions about people (Draft, 2013, p.37). Strong Theory X assumptions are typicallyRead MoreThe Workplace of the Nineteen and Twentieth C entury Were Drastically Different1508 Words   |  6 Pagesstill changing. In this essay, I argue that the workplace has been affected by recent technological trends and these changes have made working conditions precarious and labour markets unstable. 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Even after they have been used for several years, theseRead MoreThe Horizon s Setting 2020 Strategy1732 Words   |  7 Pages INTRODUCTION: Innovation and society or innovation and society allude to repeating codependence, co-impact, co-generation of innovation and society upon the other (innovation upon society, and the other way around). This synergistic relationship happened from the beginning of mankind, with the innovation of straightforward instruments and proceeds into advanced advances, for example, the printing press and PCs. The scholastic order considering the effects of science, innovation, and society and

Introduction to the Human Body Level 3 Free Essays

string(42) " an identical clone of the original cell\." Anatomy and Physiology Introduction to the Human body Introduction The human body is such an interesting machine, the way it is structured and how it works is educational. There is so much to learn about the human body and up until today scientists are still under going medical research. There are a lot of questions people would like to know about how their body works. We will write a custom essay sample on Introduction to the Human Body Level 3 or any similar topic only for you Order Now The report will include the following structures: †¢ Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) †¢ An Organelle †¢ The cell membrane It will also evaluate the functions of the following structures: †¢ The cell †¢ Body tissue Body system Findings 1. 1Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) 1. 2An Organelle 1. 3The Cell Membrane 2. 1 The Cell 2. 2 Body Tissue 2. 3 Body System 3. 1 Ultrasound 3. 2 Gastroscopy 3. 3 Similarities, benefits and risks of the two procedures 4. 1 Cloning 1. 1 Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Deoxyribonucleic Acid is a molecule, which passes down information, required for the growth, development and reproduction of an organism. It is passed from adults to their children (offspring). DNA is found inside the nucleus of the cell and due to there being a lot of DNA molecules inside a cell; each molecule must be tightly packed. This then becomes a chromosome. DNA found in the cell nucleus is referred to as nuclear DNA, a human’s complete set of nuclear DNA is called its genome. A genome consists of 23 pairs of chromosomes; these chromosomes together consist of 3. 1 billion bases of DNA sequence. DNA consists of chains called nucleotides. Theses are made up of three parts: a phosphate group, a sugar group and one of four types of nitrogen bases. The four types of nitrogen bases found in nucleotides are: adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G) and cytosine (C). The order or sequence these bases come in, is due to that specific strand of DNA . Each ladder in the DNA is made of two-linked bases. Only (A) and (T) can link together and (G) and (C) can link together. Adenine and Guanine are purines. Purines are double ringed structures. Cytosine and Thymine are singled ringed structures and are known as pyramidines. Each DNA sequence that contains instructions, to make a protein, is known as a gene. DNA is used to make proteins in a two-step process. Enzymes read the information in a DNA molecule and then transcribe it into an intermediary molecule called messenger ribonucleic acid (RNA), or mRNA. Next the information in the molecules is translated into the â€Å"language† of amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins. (Appendix i) 1. 2 An Organelle An organelle is a discrete structure within a cell, as chloroplast or acentriole. It is characterised by having specialised functions, a usually distinctive chemical composition and an identifying molecule structure: often found in large numbers in aparticular cell. Organelles have specific roles to play in how cells work. Some organelles are separated from the rest of the cell by lipid bi-layers similar in structure to the cell membrane. An example of an organelle is ribosomes. The function of ribosomes is the assembly of proteins, in a process called translation. Ribosomes do this by catalysing the assembly of individual amino acids into polypeptide chains; this involves binding a messenger RNA and then using this as a template to join together the correct sequence of amino acids. (Appendix ii) 1. 3 The Cell Membrane All cells are surrounded by a cell membrane, and its primary purpose is to keep the contents of the cell all together. Cell membranes are like many other organelles of a cell because they exist for a specific job. This job is to monitor and control everything that enters and leaves the cell. The cell membrane is made up of lipid molecules called phospholipids. These molecules all have one polar head and two hydrocarbon tails according to cellupedia. There are three main classes of lipid molecules, which make up a cell membrane. These classes include phospholipids, glycolipids and cholesterol. The particular amount of these lipids varies across different membranes. The cell membrane is mobile and moves along â€Å"groves† which are set paths the membrane follow. Membranes are composed phospholipids, proteins and carbohydrates arranged in a fluid mosaic structure. The phospholipids form a thin, flexible sheet, while the proteins float in the phospholipids sheet and the carbohydrates extend out from the proteins. (Appendix iii) 2. 1 The Cell A cell is the smallest unit of living matter. All living things including plants and animals are made up of cells. Cells are made of atoms, which are the smallest units of matter. There are many different kinds of cells. All cells have a â€Å"skin† called plasma membrane, protecting it from the outside environment. The cell membrane regulates the movement of water, nutrients and wastes into and out of the cell. Inside of the cell membrane are the working parts of the cell. At the centre of the cell is the cell nucleus. The cell nucleus contains the cell’s DNA, the genetic code that coordinates protein synthesis. In addition to the nucleus, there are many organelles inside of the cell, small structures that help carry out the day to day operations of the cell. Organelles are groups of complex molecules that help a cell survive. There are many functions that the cell has to carry out: molecule transport, reproduction, energy conversion and many more. I have chosen to discuss reproduction as one of the cells functions. Reproduction One of the main purposes of human beings and living creatures is to survive. To be able to do this the cells must be able to reproduce. Reproduction allows a species of cells to increase its population and have a higher competitive advantage. Second, sexual reproduction can help introduce genetic variation into specie which can be beneficial in the long run. Example of this might be the difference in looks between individuals. Cells can reproduce in two ways, mitosis and meiosis. In mitosis, the resulting daughter cell is an identical clone of the original cell. You read "Introduction to the Human Body Level 3" in category "Essay examples" Mitosis is mostly used by somatic cells (cells of the body). Meiosis however, is the form of sexual reproduction and only occurs in gametes (reproductive cells). Mitosis If an organism is to live and grow up it must reproduce. Cell division serves an important role in organisms’ health and growth. Cell division begins with interphase, when the cell replicates all of its genomic and cytoplasmic material and prepares for division. After the cell enters the 4-phased mitosis. To see the similarities between mitosis and meiosis see appendix. (Appendix IV) 2. 2 Body Tissue Body tissue is a layer of cells that perform a function. Different types of tissues have different structures that are specific to that function. Tissues can be held together by a sticky coating called an â€Å"extracellular matrix†. The Latin word for tissue is derived from the verb texere, â€Å"to weave†. The major tissue types in the human body: †¢ Connective †¢ Muscular †¢ Nervous System †¢ Lymphatic The type of tissue that has been selected is muscle tissue. Muscle Tissue Muscle tissue contains a number of microfilaments composed of actins’ and myosin, which are contractile proteins. There are three types of tissue: Cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle and visceral (smooth) muscle. Cardiac muscle is found in the heart. The cells are joined to one another by intercalated discs which allow the synchronisation of the heartbeat. Skeletal muscle is attached to the bones by tendons. Skeletal muscle is striated muscle. Unlike cardiac muscle, the cells are not branched. Visceral muscle is found in: the arteries, the bladder, the digestive tract and in many other organs. Visceral muscle contracts slower than skeletal muscle, but the contraction can be sustained over a long period of time. (Appendix v) 2. 3 Body System There are 11 systems in the body they are as follows: The Circulatory system Digestive system Endocrine system Immune system Lymphatic system Muscular system Nervous system Reproductive system Skeletal system. (Appendix VI) The system that has been selected is ‘The Reproductive System’. Reproductive System Females have sex organs of: ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus and vagina. Whereas the males sex organs are: vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate and the penis. In the reproductive system a female needs a male to fertilise her egg. There are two types of sex cells known as gametes, the male gamete is sperm and the females’ gamete is the egg. The females’ vagina has several functions: used for sexual intercourse, the pathway that the baby comes out at childbirth, as the route for the menstrual blood (period) to leave the body from the uterus and for a tampon to be used during the menstrual cycle. The menstrual cycle lasts for around 28 days, during this cycle a egg is released from the females’ ovaries once every month and goes down the fallopian tubes to be fertilised. If the egg does not get fertilised it dries up and two weeks later leaves the body through the vagina, which causes the female to have her period. A period is forms of blood and tissue from the inner lining of the uterus. A period can last anything up to 5 days or longer. Females will not have a period until they have started puberty; puberty usually starts when females and males are aged around 11-14. If the male and female sex cell are fertilised the egg that is released will not dry up and the female will not have a period. The egg will then make its way to the uterus and grow into a foetus. Appendix vii) 3. 1 1st diagnostic procedure- Ultrasound Ultrasound is a non-invasive technique that may be used during pregnancy for finding out the sex of the foetus and whether there is more than one foetus, ultrasound also identifies the measurements of the foetus. The sonographer, is the person who carries out the procedure, she or he can usually tell you how many weeks old your foetus is. The mother usually has an ultrasound twice in nine months, the first at 3 months and the second at 5 months. Usually at the second scan you will be able to find out if the baby is a boy or a girl. Ultrasound can find any complications or problems that the baby might have during the pregnancy. They put a cold gel on the mothers’ bump and press the transducer across the bump to see inside of the belly. Having experienced this procedure confirms that ultrasound is a very accurate method of confirming all of the above. (Appendix viii) 3. 2 2nd diagnostic procedure- Gastroscopy Gastroscopy is used if a person is suffering problems, such as severe heartburn or indigestion. An individual may then be required to have a Gastroscopy. It is a diagnostic procedure that allows doctors to look at the upper part of the digestive system. The doctor uses a tiny camera on the end of a flexible tube which is called an endoscope. It is then fed down your throat and down through the tube that carries your food to your stomach which is called oesophagus. It is then into your stomach. Once in place the camera shows the image onto a screen for the doctor to diagnose any problems. It usually takes between 5-20 minutes to perform the procedure. It is usually performed at an outpatient department, which means you can go home the same day. You should not eat anything for six hours before the procedure as the stomach needs to be empty. (Appendix ix) . 3 Similarities, benefits and risks of the two diagnostic procedures The two diagnostic procedures are only similar in a few ways. When both procedures are performed you get to leave the hospital the same day. Both procedures take no less than 5 minutes and no longer than 20 minutes. There should be no pain in either of the procedures performed. However, Ultrasound does not have any risks whereas Gastroscopy has a few risks. Some of the benefits of having an Ultrasound are: †¢ There are no needles or injections and the procedure is painless †¢ Ultrasound imaging uses no ionizing radiation Causes no health problems †¢ Gives a clear picture of soft tissues, that do not show up in an x-ray †¢ There are no risks Some of the risks for having a Gastroscopy are: †¢ The individual may have a sore throat for a day or two afterwards, this is caused if the endoscope scrapes your throat †¢ Small risk that the endoscope could tear your stomach which is known as perforation †¢ Risk of chest infection or pneumonia is slightly higher than normal †¢ When the endoscope is removed your likely to gag or rench (Appendix x) 4. 1 Cloning This is the topic which has been selected to discuss. There are 4 types of cloning: Recombinant DNA technology or DNA cloning, reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning. People are most familiar with reproductive cloning when it comes to talk about cloning. Reproductive Cloning Reproductive Cloning is a technology used to generate an animal that has the same DNA as an existing animal or a previous existing animal. Scientists transfer genetic material from the nucleus of a donor adult cell to an egg whose nucleus has been removed. The DNA from the reconstructed egg must be treated with chemicals or electric current in order to stimulate cell division. This process is known as â€Å"somatic cell nuclear transfer†. Once the cloned embryo reaches a suitable stage, it is then placed into the animals’ uterus where it continues to grow until birth. Scientists have bee cloning animals for many years since 1952; hundreds of cloned animals such as sheep and cows exist today. Scientists are hoping to be able to use cloning by generating tissues and organs to use for transplants. To do this the patient waiting for a transplant, would have DNA extracted from their body. This would then be inserted into an enucleated egg. After the DNA starts to divide, embryonic stem cells that can be transformed into a tissue would then be harvested. The stem cells would then be used to generate an organ or tissue, which is a genetic match to the patient Reproductive cloning is contentious as it seeks to create a duplicate of an existing animal. Until the birth of Dolly the sheep in 1996, there was doubt that this would work in mammals, but now some scientists are trying to clone a human. Many ethical arguments against human cloning are caused by misconceptions. Many people seem to think that clones will have the same sort of characteristics and personalities as the person from which they were cloned. Also some people seem to believe that clone will be both physically and behaviourally the same as the donor. Many people also believe that cloning would lead to the loss of individuality however; cloned people have their own personality that is dissimilar from whom they were cloned according to the House Judiciary Committee. Signature: Date: How to cite Introduction to the Human Body Level 3, Essay examples